Genetic Variations of Dao with Migraine in the Mexican Population

Abstract

Migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by high prevalence and significant disability. Approximately 16% of the population suffers from migraine; it predominantly affects women aged 35–45 years, and in 60–80% of cases, there is a genetic predisposition to migraine. The enzyme Diaminooxidase (DAO), encoded by the AOC1 gene, is primarily responsible for degrading exogenous histamine present in food. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the AOC1 gene have been associated with reduced DAO enzymatic activity, which facilitates the accumulation of histamine and is considered a pathophysiological factor linked to the occurrence of migraine. There are reports indicating that up to 87% of migraine cases are associated with DAO deficiency. The primary SNPs associated with this condition are rs10156191, rs2052129, rs1049793, and rs1049742. This study aims to determine the prevalence of these most common SNPs in Mexican patients with migraine who also have DAO deficiency. As a result, only four SNPs from the AOC1 gene were considered in adults with migraine in the Mexican Republic; these included 349 Mexican patients with migraine aged 18 years or older. The prevalence of one or more SNPs associated with DAO deficiency among migraine patients was 81.66%; among these, rs1049793—the most frequently identified SNP—had a prevalence of 68.5%. Additionally, 26 distinct SNP combinations were identified; notably, genotype 1 (rs2052129, rs10156191, rs1049742 without mutation, and rs1049793 as heterozygous) was present in 121 patients (34.7%). We conclude that the detection of SNPs associated with DAO deficiency in 82% of migraine patients highlights its importance as a predisposing factor for the development of this disorder, enabling more effective diagnosis and treatment approaches.